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RT9166/a preliminary 1 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com pin configurations 3 00/600ma, ultra-fast transient response ldo regulator ordering information marking information for marking information, contact our sales representative directly or through a richtek distributor located in your area, otherwise visit our website for detail. general description the RT9166/a series are cmos low dropout regulators optimized for ultra-fast transient response. the devices are capable of supplying 300m a or 600ma of output current with a dropout voltage of 230mv or 580mv respe ctively. the RT9166/a series are is optimized for cd/dvd-rom, cd/rw or wireless communication supply applications. the RT9166/a regulators are stable with output capacitors as low as 1 f. the other features include ultra low dropout voltage, high output accuracy, current limiting protection, and high ripple rejection ratio. the devices are available in fixed output voltages range of 1.2v to 4.5v with 0.1v per step. the RT9166/a regulators are available in 3-lead sot-23, sot-89, sot-223 and to-92 packages. features z z z z z low quiescent current (typically 220 a) z z z z z guaranteed 300/600ma output current z z z z z low dropout voltage: 230/580mv at 300/600ma z z z z z wide operating voltage ranges: 3v to 5.5v z z z z z ultra-fast transient response z z z z z tight load and line regulation z z z z z current limiting protection z z z z z thermal shutdown protection z z z z z only low-esr ceramic capacitor required for stability z z z z z custom voltage available applications z cd/dvd-rom, cd/rw z wireless lan card/keyboard/mouse z battery-powered equipment z xdsl router z pcmcia card (top view) 1 2 3 vin gnd vout to-92 (RT9166/a) 12 3 gnd vout vin sot-23 (l-type) (RT9166) 123 gnd (tab) vin vout sot-89 sot-89 (l-type) 123 gnd vin (tab) vout sot-223 1 23 gnd (tab) vin vout sot-223 (l-type) 1 2 3 gnd vin (tab) vout RT9166/a - package type vl : sot-23 (l-type) x : sot-89 xl : sot-89 (l-type) g : sot-223 gl : sot-223 (l-type) z : to-92 operating temperature range c : commercial standard p : pb free with commercial standard output voltage 12 : 1.2v 13 : 1.3v : 45 : 4.5v 600ma output current 300ma output current
RT9166/a preliminary 2 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com typical application circuit functional pin description function block diagram note: to prevent oscillation, a 1 f minimum x7r or x5r dielectric is strongly recommended if ceramics are used as input/output capacitors. when using the y5v dielectric, the minimum value of the input/output capacitance that can be used for stable over full operating temperature range is 3.3 f. (see application information section for further details) pin name pin function vin supply input vout regulator output gnd common ground vin gnd vout RT9166/a c out 1uf c in 1uf v in v out current limiting sensor thermal shutdown + - error amplifier 1.2v reference vin gnd vout
RT9166/a preliminary 3 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com absolute maximum ratings (note 1) z supply input v oltage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.5v z power dissipation, p d @ t a = 25 c sot-23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.4w sot-89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.571w sot-223 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.740w z package thermal resistance (note 7) sot-23, ja ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 250 c/w sot-89, ja ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175 c/w sot-223, ja ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 135 c/w z lead temperature (soldering, 10 se c.) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 260 c z junction temperature ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150 c z storage temperature range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ? 65 c to 150 c z esd susceptibility (note 2) hbm (human body mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2kv mm (ma chine mode) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200v electrical characteristics recommended operating conditions (note 3) z supply input voltage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.8v to 5 .5v z junction temperature range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ? 40 c to 125 c (v in = v out + 1v or v in = 2.8v whichever is greater, c in = 1 f, c out = 1 f, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise specified) parameter symbol test conditions min typ max units output voltage accuracy ? v out i out = 1ma ? 1 -- +3 % RT9166 300 -- -- current limit RT9166a i lim r load = 1 ? 600 -- -- ma quiescent current (note 6) i q i out = 0ma -- 220 300 a RT9166 i out = 300ma -- 230 -- dropout voltage (note 4) RT9166a v drop i out = 600ma -- 580 -- mv line regulation ? v line v in = (v out + 0.3v) to 5.5v, i out = 1ma -- 0.2 -- %/v RT9166 1ma < i out < 300ma -- 15 35 load regulation (note 5) RT9166a ? v load 1ma < i out < 600ma -- 30 55 mv power supply rejection rate psrr f = 1khz, c out = 1 f -- ? 55 -- db thermal shutdown temperature t sd -- 170 -- c thermal shutdown hysteresis ? t sd -- 40 -- c
RT9166/a preliminary 4 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com note 1. stresses listed as the above ? absolute maximum ratings ? may cause permanent damage to the device. these are for stress ratings. functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability. note 2. devices are esd sensitive. handling precaution recommended. note 3. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. note 4. the dropout voltage is defined as v in -v out , which is measured when v out is v out(normal) ? 100mv. note 5. regulation is measured at constant junction temperature by using a 20ms current pulse. devices are tested for load regulation in the load range from 1ma to 300ma and 600ma respectively. note 6. quiescent, or ground current, is the difference between input and output currents. it is defined by i q = i in - i out under no load condition (i out = 0ma). the total current drawn from the supply is the sum of the load current plus the ground pin current. note 7. ja is measured in the natural convection at t a = 25 c on a low effective thermal conductivity test board of jedec 51-3 thermal measurement standard.
RT9166/a preliminary 5 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com typical operating characteristics output noise output noise signal ( v) time (1ms/div) 400 200 0 -200 -400 v in = 5v c in = 1uf i load = 100ma c out = 1uf f = 10hz to 100khz current limit vs. input voltage 700 750 800 850 900 33.544.555.5 input voltage (v) current limit (ma) v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf r l = 0.5 ? RT9166-33cx current limit vs. input voltage 700 750 800 850 900 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 input voltage (v) current limit (ma) v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf r l = 0.5 ? RT9166-33cvl power supply rejection ratio -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 frequency (hz) psrr (db) v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf 100ma 1ma 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m dropout voltage vs. load current 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 load current (ma) dropout voltage (mv) c in = 1uf c out = 1uf t j = 125 c t j = 25 c t j = ? 40 c region of stable c out esr vs. load current 0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 load current (ma) c out esr ( ? ) instable instable stable c out = 1uf to 4.7uf
RT9166/a preliminary 6 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com current limit vs. temperature 700 750 800 850 900 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature current limit (ma) v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf r l = 0.5 ? RT9166-33cx ( c) -40 current limit vs. temperature 700 750 800 850 900 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature current limit (ma) v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf r l = 0.5 ? RT9166-33cvl ( c) -40 quiescent current vs. temperature 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 -50-25 0 25 50 75100125 temperature quiescent current (ua) 1 v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf RT9166-33cx ( c) -40 temperature stability 3.2 3.25 3.3 3.35 3.4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature output voltage (v) v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf RT9166-33cx ( c) -40 quiescent current vs. temperature 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature quiescent current (ua) 1 RT9166-33cvl v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf ( c) -40 temperature stability 3.2 3.25 3.3 3.35 3.4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature output voltage (v) RT9166-33cvl v in = 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf ( c) -40
RT9166/a preliminary 7 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com load transient response time (100us/div) load current (ma) 200 100 0 output voltage deviation (mv) 20 0 -20 RT9166-33cx v in = 5v, i load = 1 to 150ma c in = c out = 1uf (ceramic, x7r) load transient response time (100us/div) load current (ma) 200 100 0 output voltage deviation (mv) 20 0 -20 RT9166-33cvl v in = 5v, i load = 1 to 150ma c in = c out = 1uf (ceramic, x7r) line transient response time (100us/div) output voltage deviation (mv) 20 0 -20 input voltage deviation (v) 5 4 v in = 4 to 5v c in = 1uf c out = 1uf
RT9166/a preliminary 8 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com application information like any low-dropout regulator, the RT9166/a series requires input and output decoupling capacitors. these capacitors must be correctly selected for good performance (see capacitor characteristics section). please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. input capacitor an input capacitance of ? 1 f is required between the device input pin and ground directly (the amount of the capacitance may be increased without limit). the input capacitor must be located less than 1 cm from the device to assure input stability (see pcb layout section). a lower esr capacitor allows the use of less capacitance, while higher esr type (like aluminum electrolytic) require more capacitance. capacitor types (aluminum, ceramic and tantalum) can be mixed in parallel, but the total equivalent input capacitance/esr must be defined as above to stable operation. there are no requirements for the esr on the input capacitor, but tolerance and temperature coefficient must be considered when selecting the capacitor to ensure the capacitance will be ? 1 f over the entire operating temperature range. output capacitor the RT9166/a is designed specifically to work with very small ceramic output capacitors. the recommended minimum capacitance (temperature characteristics x7r or x5r) is 1 f to 4.7 f range with 10m ? to 50m ? range ceramic capacitor between ldo output and gnd for transient stability, but it may be increased without limit. higher capacitance values help to improve transient. the output capacitor's esr is critical because it forms a zero to provide phase lead which is required for loop stability. (when using the y5v dielectric, the minimum value of the input/output capacitance that can be used for stable over full operating temperature range is 3.3 f. ) no load stability the device will remain stable and in regulation with no external load. this is specially important in cmos ram keep-alive applications. input-output (dropout) voltage a regulator's minimum input-to-output voltage differential (dropout voltage) determines the lowest usable supply voltage. in battery-powered systems, this determines the useful end-of-life battery voltage. because the device uses a pmos, its dropout voltage is a function of drain-to- source on-resistance, r ds(on) , multiplied by the load current: v dropout = v in - v out = r ds(on) x i out current limit the RT9166/a monitors and controls the pmos ' gate voltage, minimum limiting the output current to 300ma for RT9166 and 600ma for RT9166 a. the output can be shorted to ground for an indefinite period of time without damaging the part. short-circuit protection the device is short circuit protected and in the event of a peak over-current condition, the short-circuit control loop will rapidly drive the output pmos pass element off. once the power pass element shuts down, the control loop will rapidly cycle the output on and off until the average power dissipation causes the thermal shutdown circuit to respond to servo the on/off cycling to a lower frequency. please refer to the section on thermal information for power dissipation calculations. capacitor characteristics it is important to note that capacitance tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration when selecting a capacitor so that the minimum required amount of capacitance is provided over the full operating temperature range. in general, a good tantalum capacitor will show very little capacitance variation with temperature, but a ceramic may not be as good (depending on dielectric type).
RT9166/a preliminary 9 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com aluminum electrolytics also typically have large temperature variation of capacitance value. equally important to consider is a capacitor's esr change with temperature: this is not an issue with ceramics, as their esr is extremely low. however, it is very important in tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors. both show increasing esr at colder temperatures, but the increase in aluminum electrolytic capacitors is so severe they may not be feasible for some applications. ceramic: for values of capacitance in the 10 f to 100 f range, ceramics are usually larger and more costly than tantalums but give superior ac performance for by- passing high frequency noise because of very low esr (typically less than 10m ? ). however, some dielectric types do not have good capacitance characteristics as a function of voltage and temperature. z5u and y5v dielectric ceramics have capacitance that drops severely with applied voltage. a typical z5u or y5v capacitor can lose 60% of its rated capacitance with half of the rated voltage applied to it. the z5u and y5v also exhibit a severe temperature effect, losing more than 50% of nominal capacitance at high and low limits of the temperature range. x7r and x5r dielectric ceramic capacitors are strongly recommended if ceramics are used, as they typically maintain a capacitance range within 20% of nominal over full operating ratings of temperature and voltage. of course, they are typically larger and more costly than z5u/y5u types for a given voltage and capacitance. tantalum: solid tantalum capacitors are recommended for use on the output because their typical esr is very close to the ideal value required for loop compensation. they also work well as input capacitors if selected to meet the esr requirements previously listed. tantalums also have good temperature stability: a good quality tantalum will typically show a capacitance value that varies less than 10~15% across the full temperature range of 125 c to -40 c. esr will vary only about 2x going from the high to low temperature limits. the increasing esr at lower temperatures can cause oscillations when marginal quality capacitors are used (if the esr of the capacitor is near the upper limit of the stability range at room temperature). aluminum: this capacitor type offers the most capacitance for the money. the disadvantages are that they are larger in physical size, not widely available in surface mount, and have poor ac performance (especially at higher frequencies) due to higher esr and esl. compared by size, the esr of an aluminum electrolytic is higher than either tantalum or ceramic, and it also varies greatly with temperature. a typical aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an esr increase of as much as 50x when going from 25 c down to -40 c. it should also be noted that many aluminum electrolytics only specify impedance at a frequency of 120hz, which indicates they have poor high frequency performance. only aluminum electrolytics that have an impedance specified at a higher frequency (between 20khz and 100khz) should be used for the device. derating must be applied to the manufacturer's esr specification, since it is typically only valid at room temperature. any applications using aluminum electrolytics should be thoroughly tested at the lowest ambient operating temperature where esr is maximum.
RT9166/a preliminary 10 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com thermal considerations t he RT9166/a series can deliver a current of up to 300/ 600ma over the full o perating junction temp-erature range. however, the maximum output current must be derated at higher ambient temperature to ensure the junction temperature does not exceed 125 c. with all possible conditions, the junction temperature must be within the range specified under operating conditions. power dissipation can be calculated based on the output current and the voltage drop across regulator. p d = (v in - v out ) i out + v in i gnd the final operating junction temperature for any set of conditions can be estimated by the following thermal equation: p d (max) = ( t j (max) - t a ) / ja where t j(max) is the maximum junction temperature of the die (125 c) and t a is the maximum ambient temperature. the junction to ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) for sot-23 package at recomm-ended minimum footprint is 250 c/w, 175 c/w for sot-89 package and 135 c/w for sot-223 package ( ja is layout dependent). visit our website in which ? recommended footprints for soldering surface mount packages ? for detail. pcb layout good board layout practices must be used or instability can be induced because of ground loops and voltage drops. the input and output capacitors must be directly connected to the input, output, and ground pins of the device using traces which have no other currents flowing through them. the best way to do this is to layout c in and c out near the device with short traces to the v in , v out , and ground pins. the regulator ground pin should be connected to the external circuit ground so that the regulator and its capacitors have a ? single point ground ? . it should be noted that stability problems have been seen in applications where ? vias? to an internal ground plane were used at the ground points of the device and the input and output capacitors. this was caused by varying ground potentials at these nodes resulting from current flowing through the ground plane. using a single point ground technique for the regulator and it? s capacitors fixed the problem. since high current flows through the traces going into v in and coming from v out , kelvin connect the capacitor leads to these pins so there is no voltage drop in series with the input and output capacitors. optimum performance can only be achieved when the device is mounted on a pc board according to the diagram below: sot-23 board layout v in gnd v out
RT9166/a preliminary 11 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com outline dimension a b a1 b d c e h l sot-23 surface mount package dimensions in millimeters dimensions in inches symbol min max min max a 0.889 1.295 0.035 0.051 a1 0.000 0.152 0.000 0.006 b 1.397 1.803 0.055 0.071 b 0.356 0.508 0.014 0.020 c 2.591 2.997 0.102 0.118 d 2.692 3.099 0.106 0.122 e 1.803 2.007 0.071 0.079 h 0.080 0.254 0.003 0.010 l 0.300 0.610 0.012 0.024
RT9166/a preliminary 12 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com b b1 b h a b d c e e c1 d1 a dimensions in millimeters dimensions in inches symbol min max min max a 1.397 1.600 0.055 0.063 b 0.356 0.483 0.014 0.019 b 2.388 2.591 0.094 0.102 b1 0.406 0.533 0.016 0.021 c -- 4.242 -- 0.167 c1 0.787 1.194 0.031 0.047 d 4.394 4.597 0.173 0.181 d1 1.397 1.753 0.055 0.069 e 1.448 1.549 0.057 0.061 h 0.355 0.432 0.014 0.017 3-lead sot-89 surface mount package
RT9166/a preliminary 13 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com dimensions in millimeters dimensions in inches symbol min max min max a 1.450 1.803 0.057 0.071 a1 0.020 0.100 0.0008 0.0047 b 0.610 0.787 0.024 0.031 b 3.302 3.708 0.130 0.146 c 6.706 7.290 0.264 0.287 d 6.299 6.706 0.248 0.264 d1 2.896 3.150 0.114 0.124 e 2.261 2.362 0.089 0.093 h 0.229 0.330 0.009 0.013 l 1.550 1.950 0.061 0.077 l1 0.800 1.100 0.009 0.013 3-lead sot-223 surface mount package a a1 b h b d d1 c l e e l1
RT9166/a preliminary richtek technology corp. headquarter 5f, no. 20, taiyuen street, chupei city hsinchu, taiwan, r.o.c. tel: (8863)5526789 fax: (8863)5526611 richtek technology corp. taipei office (marketing) 8f-1, no. 137, lane 235, paochiao road, hsintien city taipei county, taiwan, r.o.c. tel: (8862)89191466 fax: (8862)89191465 email: marketing@richtek.com 14 ds9166/a-09 october 2004 www.richtek.com d a c b e l e d1 a1 3-lead to-92 plastic package dimensions in millimeters dimensions in inches symbol min max min max a 3.175 4.191 0.125 0.165 a1 1.143 1.372 0.045 0.054 b 0.406 0.533 0.016 0.021 c 0.406 0.533 0.016 0.021 d 4.445 5.207 0.175 0.205 d1 3.429 -- 0.135 -- e 4.318 5.334 0.170 0.210 e 1.143 1.397 0.045 0.055 l 12.700 -- 0.500 --

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